Insecticides Essays (1044 words) - Endocrine Disruptors, Biocides

Insecticides An insecticide is used to kill insects. There are many kinds of insecticides, but organic insecticides are the most commonly used (World Book, 1999). Organic insecticides are split into three different categories: Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, organophosphate insecticides, and carbamate insecticides (World Book, 1999). In this paper, I'll explore how toxic each of these insecticides are, how they affect wildlife, humans, and the environment, and what we can do to help. WHY USE INSECTICIDES? Some insects, like white flies and mosquitoes, can carry deadly diseases that affect crops, animals and humans. Insects can cause about 5.5 billion dollars in crop and live stock losses every year. Some of the diseases they cause are Cattle Fever and Sheep Scab. The insecticides are used to kill insects and protect livestock (World Book, 1999). Insecticides can also be used on flea treatments for cats, dogs, and other animals (Ackerman, 1996). WHAT ARE ORGANIC INSECTICIDES? Organic Insecticides are the most commonly and widely used insecticides. They are synthetic substances made from carbon, hydrocarbon insecticies, organophosphate insecticides (World Book 1999). Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, also know as organic chlorines, contain chlorine atoms (World Book 1999). Common members of this group are Acaralate, Acarol, Aldrin, BHC, Chlordance, Chlorobenzilate, DDT, dicofol, dieldrin, endosulfan, endrin, heptachlor, kepone, lindane, methoxychlor, mirex, perthen, TDE, and toxaphene (Hamm 1982). They're persistant because after being used once, they can still affect living things for several years. This is because they don't break down chemically so they're found in soil, animal and fish tissue, plants, and water (Hamm, 1982). These, and all persistant insecticides, are trying to be replaced and restricted because they kill bird, fish, and other animals (World Book, 1999). Organophospahte Insecticides contain phosphorus atom (World Book, 1999). Common members of this group are Abate, azinphosethyl, azinphosmethyl, Bidrin, bromophos, bromophosethyl, carbophenothion, and chlorfenvinphos (Hamm, 1982). They are used on food because they don't leave harmful deposits behind (World Book, 1999). This is because the breakdown rapidly into harmless components. They also break down in the presence of water. They have less environmental danger than chlorinateed hydrocarbons which is why they've almost replaced them for side scale usage (Hamm 1982). However, they are poisoness to people. One type of organophosphate, paratheion, is used to kill mites and aphids on fruit trees and vegetables. Another kind, malathion, are less dangerous to apply, so they're widely used by farmers ( World Book, 1999). Carbonates are the last kind of organic insecticide. They are made from carbamic acid which is CO2NH3 (Hamm, 1982). They also contain one or more amino groups that are of one nitrogen atom and two hydogen atoms. They don't leave harmful deposits in food but some are harmful to warm blooded animals (World Book, 1999). Common members of this group are aldicarb, BUX, carbaryl, carbofuran, dimetilan, formetanate, methiocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, propoxur, and zectran. These are relatively new and might eventually replace organophosphates (Hamm, 1982). HOW TOXIC ARE THEY? Carbamates contain the insecticide Sevin. Sevin has a low toxicity. It is effective against many insects that are resistant to other pesticides. Caramates also include the insectide Baygon, or Propoxar. Propoxar is highly toxic and has a long residual life. It's effective against cockroaches, ticks, and other difficult insect and arachnid species (Hamm, 1982). Carbamates don't leave harmful deposits in food ( World Book, 1999). The Chlorinated Hydrocarbon contain the insecticide DDT. DDT is moderately toxic and was once one of the most widely used insecticides but are now greatly restricted because it stays in soil and in water food chans (Hamm, 1982). They also endanger animals like birds and fish and they contaminate the food that people eat. Since 1972, the U.S. Government phased out all use of DDT, but it's still used in other countries (World Book, 1999). Organophosphates and carbamates carry some of the same risks. They are both commonly used and both have a high incidence of acute toxicity in animals and humans. Both insecticides are used in flea treatments for pets. They're more dangerous than the other commonly used insecticides like pynethrins and pyrethoids. Symptoms of insecticide poisoning include: pinpoint pupils, blurred vision, tightness in chest, sweating, excessive tear production, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. Cardio vascular and neurological problems can also occur. Problems with the nervous system

Food Irradiation essays

Food Irradiation essays The process that occurs in food irradiation is quick and simple. There are three types that currently exist. Gamma rays, electron beams, and x-rays are the methods why which this process is undergone. The high energy ray is absorbed as it passes through food, and gives up its energy and the food is slightly warmed (CDC). To be more specific, when the technology used to irradiate foods is done by with gamma rays the elements Cobalt 60 or Cesium 137, in radioactive form, are used These substances produce the gamma rays and penetrate the food deeply in several feet. This source is placed into a pool of water (CDC; FSIS). A conveyor system transports the meat or poultry product to the water. In order to irradiate a product the source of the rays is then taken out of the water and kept in a chamber with large concrete walls to keep the rays from escaping. When the microbes that are present in the food are irradiated, the energy from the rays is transferred to the water and other molecules in the microbe (CDC; FSIS). The energy creates transient reactive chemicals that damage the DNA in the microbe, causing defects in the genetic instructions. The product is then irradiated for a specific amount of time, depending on the type and state of food being irradiated. When the radioactive source isnt in use it is placed and stored in the cool pool of water that absorbs the radiation completely (CDC;FSIS). When elements are done by electron beams, also known as e-beams, these streams of high energy electrons are propelled out of an electron gun whose apparatus is similarly a larger version of the device on the back of a TV tube that puts electron into the TV screen at the front of the tube, causing it to light up (CDC). The beam generator is switched on or of and no radioactivity is involved. Through this method of irradiation, the electrons can only penetrate food to a depth of three centimeter ...

Form Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Form - Essay Example Student ratings are sensitive to a wide variety of situational factors. For example, student anonymity should be protected otherwise less than candid responses are likely because of the students’ fear that an adverse rating might negatively impact their course grade (www.oid.ucla.edu). This aspect is taken care of in the CIEQ Form 15 under consideration here. However, in addition to the information provided at the top of p.3 of Form 15 viz., â€Å"Your instructor will not see†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦until after final grades are in etc.,† the students should be advised to print their response so as to minimize the chance of identification through handwriting. Furthermore, to ensure confidentiality of the student evaluators, the evaluation should not be conducted by the instructors or TAs nor should they be present when the evaluation is conducted. A responsible student should be assigned the job of distributing the questionnaires, collecting the completed forms, and delivering them to the department office (www.oid.ucla.edu). The effectiveness of the evaluation will improve if the questionnaire is designed to evaluate both quantitatively (using evaluative scales) and qualitatively (through narrative comments) (Davis, http://teaching.berkeley.edu). The CIEQ Form 15 does provide for both types of evaluation. However, the quantitative part of the Form (p.1) is a jumble of repetitive questions. For instance, Question #1, â€Å"It was a very worthwhile course,† Q#6 â€Å"NOT much was gained by taking this course† and Q#15 â€Å"This was one of my poorest courses,† all seek to evaluate the same aspect. Similarly, Q#4 â€Å"The course material was too difficult† is no different from #8 â€Å"The course material seemed worthwhile.† Again, there is this old wine (from Q#7 â€Å"I would have preferred another method of teaching in this course†) in a new bottle (Q#12 â€Å"I learn more when other teaching methods are used†)! Q#5 â€Å"It

Charging of a 6-12V lead acid battery through the use of a solar panel Essay

Charging of a 6-12V lead acid battery through the use of a solar panel - Essay Example Currently, man used the fullest potential of the solar system that able the man to use it as the source of renewable energy research. The project that includes in this research used the solar power as the source of energy for the circuit.This study used a solar cell battery charger, which is an instrument that sum up all the energy in a rechargeable battery by driving an electric current on it. There are given two tasks that need to take note in commonly using lead-acid based battery charges. First, it is task to fully pay attention for the self-discharge, frequently faster as practical in order to have a consistency in its capacity. Second, it is tasked to restore capacity. For both tasks cases, ideal operation needs to exactly identify the voltage of the battery. The aim of this project is to formulate a circuit that through the use of photovoltaic cells as a main basis would charge a 6-12V lead acid based battery. Depending to the given technology and capacity of the battery that being charge will determine the charge current. In this case, it is preferable to use 6V and 12V batteries. For this project to be able to complete, it is recommended to choose a voltage regulator circuit that has the ability to constantly maintain a certain voltage level; It is also recommended to use a voltage circuit checker in order to trace the voltage in the given battery before charging. Project Aim The aim of this project is to formulate and improve a circuit that has the ability to charge a 6-12V lead acid based battery, through the use of a solar panel as the main source of energy that will be carried out on the circuit; that will be able to allocate a wide range of use. Statement of Objective 1. To improve a charging circuit that can charge a 6-12V lead acid based battery through these of photovoltaic panels as a DC source. 2. To know how battery charger works. 3. Tounderstand more the Solar panel energy. Introduction This section explains the global history of solar ener gy. It also conducts a literature review. There are figures that this review includes; full corresponding details are stated. Word History - Solar energy Figure 1 Solar Energy The sun’s radiant light and its heat are the main sources of solar energy. Earth's weather and climate are being controlled by solar energy, as it gives life to all living things in the earth. Solar energy is a word that is being indicated as solar power; furthermore, solar power also refers to electricity generated from solar radiation. Biomass and hydroelectricity are said accountable for most of the present movement of renewable energy on Earth. However, for example wave power and its wind, solar energy only establishes minor energy resources. Actually, solar energy technologies have the ability to supply electrical generation through heat engines or photovoltaic means. Passive solar buildings also bring safe water use as potable in drinking, hot water, daylight, and for thermal energy; this excludes geothermal energy that was carried out from the energy that comes from the sun. Solar radiation is mainly included in this industrial type of solar energy that is recommendable to use for practical ends. There are two characteristic of solar technology: active or inactive. The solar cell captures, disseminates and translates sunlight. There are also solar energy techniques in order to convert sunlight into functional outputs, such as pumps, photovoltaic

Financial Case Study Analysis and Excel Work Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Analysis and Excel Work - Case Study Example There are some factors that should be considered with regards to the profitability, the future inflation rates and the competitors in the market. The company should ensure that before it sells out, the profitability issue will be included in the part of goodwill which will add on the valuation price. The workers of the company are underpaid so as to cut on costs of the company. That may not be the trend in the future because the workers may form a labor union that will fight for their rights. That means that the profits will reduce in the future if the workers demand for a pay rise. The person or persons who are interested in the purchase of the company should therefore consider that fact because it will affect the future profitability of the company. The sales volume has increased as a result of as number of factors. The sales volume has increased because of the great advertising skills that have lead to brand loyal for the company. The brand loyal usually makes repeat purchase and that adds on the sales volume and profitability of the company. The sales volume has also increased as a result of the diversification of the company. Therefore, in the valuation of the company, the investment that has been made in the advertising and diversification of the operations should be considered. The company should ensure that such money ploughed in such ventures is recovered. The costs of the company are increasing at a reducing rate over the years. That shows that the efficiency of the company has been increasing over the years. The efficiency may be as a result of improved processes, improved equipment and motivated employees. All the above factors happen at a cost and that cost should be considered in the valuation of the business. The valuation should ensure that the company does not result at a loss. The brand loyal adds on the profitability of the company. That shows that the company has a good reputation among the customers. The

Erasmus Program Of The European Union Education Essay

Erasmus Program Of The European Union Education Essay In 1995, Hanze University of Groningen was stimulated by the Erasmus program of the European Union to start their internationalization by getting exchange partners within Europe. They had only four partner universities from Germany, Spain, Sweden and England in 1996. Now, only the School of Communication and Media (SICM) has 83 partner universities around the world.  [1]   In this section, the clear and complete description of the assignment and objective from the clients perspectives will be defined. The client is Ryan Schepers, the International coordinator of SICM. Ryan has indicated the following issues: the overall requirements of the current partner universities do not correlate with those of SICM; in some of the partner universities, the curriculum language is not English; the academic curriculums do not correlate with the ones at SICM; both BA and Master programs are not always available to the students, a great number of partner universities are not universities of applied sciences. Besides that, SICM only had one or two incoming and outgoing teachers last years. These issues impact students motives, aspirations and choices of a particular university for their exchange period. SICM aims to exchange teachers with partner universities. Although SICM has a large number of partner universities (which is necessary because all international communication students are obliged to go abroad), the client is not satisfied with the quality of some partner universities. Therefore, Mrs Schepers emphasized the necessity for a more structured and effective network. Due to unbalanced partner universities, Mrs Schepers made clear her wishes that it is necessary; To exchange teachers and work on common projects with partner universities. To have and update the existing website contains only Partner universities names in order to provide more information about each partner university exchange programmes, accommodation, life style, etc. To have more employees who can work between partner universities and SICM in order to communicate efficiently. To select a number of partner Universities according to their academic curriculums that match with SICM criteria. To establish an effective communication between SICM and its partner universities. To find an effective communication in order to influence students motives to opt a particular host university(NEEDS TO BE A SENTENCE OR PARAGRAPH) The primary aim of SICM is to select the number of partner Universities according to their academic curriculums that match with SICM, thereby acquiring a more international aspect. As Mrs Schepers indicated in the meeting, the main goal is to create a balanced university network fulfilling ICM standards through the analysis of partner universities study programs, SICM students and teachers interests and the current network features. 3.Organizational Background This chapter will give you a detailed overview about the School of communication and Media. The SICM is one of the 20 schools of the Hanze University. The SICM has over 400 international students from more than 40 countries and has 143 employees which primarily consist of teachers that are supported by staff. (Hanze University, 2012). The SICM consists of four degree programmes; IC (International Communication), CO (Communication, Dutch version), CS (Communication System) and IDM (Information, Management and Service). Although SICM has four different degree programmes, more than 90% of the exchange students come from IC programme which is the international programme. This explains why SICM has a great number of partner universities. Next to that, SICM offers 6 different majors to its around 2000 students within three fields of study: CO, CS and IDM. The communication programme offers two majors: IC, CO and CS offered three majors in Dutch; Multimedia Design Branding, Game Design Development and Web Mobile Services. IDM offers only one major IN Dutch; Media Information Management. (Loves Spakman,2010,p.7) SICM offers 9 Exchange/Certificate Programmes as minor and specialization for its own and international incoming exchange students; Creating Communication campaign, Journalism, Game on, Information Innovation, International Aid Development and Public Affairs which runs from the beginning of September until the end of January as the first semester. In the second semester, between the beginning of February and till the end of June, it is offered; Creating an International Event, International Aid Development and International Business Communication. (Hanze University, 2012) Mission and vision of SICM The mission of SICM gives focus to its activities: The Institute for Communication and Media trains entrepreneurial, socially-responsible and internationally oriented professionals for careers in the field of Communications, Information Management and Media, and contributes to knowledge circulation and innovation on an international level. (OudshoornKempen,2012,p.4) This means that our programmes provide students with opportunities to develop into socially responsible and internationally oriented professions in the future, and that also give opportunities to all students in order to make individual study choices to profile individually themselves as a distinctive professional. The school of communication and Media absolutely facilities this by providing an effective study programmes for students to explore and develop their own competencies which are certainly important step for their future chosen career path. (OudshoornKempen,2012,p.4) The vision of SICM; Share your talent. Move the world. This means that through communication you can build awareness and help people improve their quality of life. (Hanze University,2012) The four degree programmes are on the way of improving their own quality and being international oriented with their minors and majors. The IC already shows the importance of international vision of SICM by having a high number of partner universities from different countries and a high number of international students compare to other degrees (CO, CS and IDM) . Mrs Schepers would like SICM to expand the focus on internationalization not only for IC but also for other degrees of SICM which has Dutch students and teaching language is Dutch. Therefore; as Dutch people should understand the meaning of Internationalization and be part of it , it is of importance to place them within other European Countries or outside the Europe. Key stakeholders;(MORE DETAILS, DESCRIBE THEIR ROLE AND TASKS CLEARLY) As this research is focused on the SICM department of Hanze University of Groningen, the following organizational both internal and external analysis will be focused on the SICM department. The Internal stakeholders are Ryan Schepers, country coordinators, SICM second and third year students and teachers. And the external stakeholders are partner universities. Mrs Schepers is the international coordinator of SICM and working effectively with country coordinators for incoming and outgoing exchange students.ACC COUNSELLORS INFORM SECOND YEAR STUDENTS ABOUT THE PROCEDURE OF THE STUDY ABROAD KIND OF PREPARATION FOR THE STUDY ABROAD) Internal key stakeholders External key stakeholders Country coordinators ISO Client Partner universities Second year students Third year students ISID 3.2.3 Current situation of the organization (stick to the key stakeholders and analyze everything only about the key stakeholders) As can be viewed in the SICM organizational chart  [2]  , the SICM organizational structure is horizontal meaning that for internationalization purposes the country coordinators who are at the same level and the International Coordinator of SICM share their ideas and suggest solutions in order to bring the internationalization of SICM to a better level and the International Coordinator of SICM in turn reports to the dean of SICM. There are 8 country coordinators who are providing information to second year students and monitoring 3rd year outgoing exchange students. They also communicate with partner universities minimum once or maximum two times in a year. These country coordinators are the lecturers of SICM who are very busy with lecturers, assignments, students and other issues related to study. Thats why; they hardly spend time in order to communicate with partner universities. Also, it is very difficult to deal with outgoing exchange students individually. The last few years, ISID (International student Info Desk) was providing information for the second year students of IC, CO, CS and IDM for the exchange semester. There were only interns working as employees for a semester. And every semester they had different semester who are always new for the position. The name of the office has been changed to Global Links (ICM External Affairs Office) but again, Interns are working as employees and every semeste r different interns take this responsibility. Next to that, Country coordinators are not able to visit partner universities because of lack of facilities they got from SICM. But in near future, SICM hopefully will provide facility for country coordinators to be able to visit the partner universities. Therefore, country coordinators should make a plan to visit the partner universities per year. (SHALL I REMEVORE THIS PARAGRAPH OR NOT Apart from country coordinators, International student office (ISO) has been working as a link between SICM (country coordinators and students) and Partner Universities. ISO has been taking care of all international outgoing and incoming exchange students of the Hanze University regarding enrollment, visas, and insurances, housing and finances issues. Structure;(COMBINE STRUCTURE, MANAGEMENT STYLE AND CULTURE IN ONE PARAGRAPH AND RELATED TO ONLY RELEVANT ENVIRONMENT AND RELEVENAT STAKEHOLDERS) Next to that, SICM organizational structure is not strictly hierarchical, just like other schools of the Hanze employ upwards and downwards communication simultaneously, meaning that employees at the top of the hierarchy communicate with the ones at lower levels and vice versa. This actually makes it easy for every staff member to communicate with the upper level members since they are communicating indirectly with team leaders and coordinators. Management style The communication of the management team is a two-way flow of both communication and information in order to maintain the quality of cooperation. As communication tools, word of mouth and meetings take an important place. Next to that, an electronic learning environment is one of the most important ways of communicating faster. The management team invests in the education and training of teachers, in order to facilitate personal and professional growth of the team members. Culture According to Cornelissen, the culture of SICM is a combination of a person oriented culture, which reflects the importance of individual development, and a task oriented culture which is focused on team work for the projects (Cornelissen, 2008). The person culture is focused on individuals who are staffs and it is very hard to manage as they work on their own. For instance; country coordinators who are working on their own and dealing with not only partner universities, but also students, lectures, and working also as academic counselors. Next to that, SICM has a strong task culture as can be seen in all degree programmes of SICM, focused on team works staff, teacher and students in projects. 3.3 Communication analysis When students wish to acquire information about a particular partner university, Student are directed to go to study abroad links via internal SICM website, where students receive direct links to the official websites of the universities. It is unclear, however, whether and how the courses of the partner university match the ones at the SICM; there is no information available on this subject that would help facilitate the students decision making process. According to interviews with students from SICM (see appendix, interview transcripts), the current partner network features are very important, for them to choose where to go and which program they would like to study. Furthermore, the financial issue takes an important place to make students choices. . Some of the students only make their choices according to their financial situation. After returning from the exchange university, the students are required to complete an ACC8 assignment, where students can share their experiences from the study abroad. But the questions are limited and are not included important questions, which would result in a more comprehensive evaluation system for the SICM partner university network. The outgoing students are very important as well as the incoming students. Since the incoming students are monitored by SICM, there are enough data regarding accommodation, the study program they chose, etc. In the meantime, there is a link call student experience to reach the students evaluations after they come back from their study abroad semester. It is a new facility for the second year students. Moreover; there is a website which only contains partner universities but it is not functioning very well. The website should contains not only partner universities names and official website links but also, their offered courses, university information, accommodation, study programmes, living in a country etc. this will help country coordinators not to be overlapped with a bunch of questions from students and also useful for student motivation and help to opt a partner university. 4.3.1 Internal Communication Internal communication, which refers to the exchange of information between the management and the internal public groups of an organization, is the backbone of every functional organization. The objective of internal communication is reaching organizational and/or individual goals. Unprofessional and neglectful internal communication can lead to misunderstandings, loss of employee motivation, false rumors, criticism and even minor crisis. (Herle Rustema, 2005). Cornelissen points out that traditionally, internal communication is defined as communication with employees internally within the organization (Cornelissen, 2008). SICM employs both formal and informal channels of communication. The formal ones include email, internal memos and briefings, etc. The informal channels include talks during lunch breaks or at the coffee machine, rumors etc. The main communication aids are the meetings to give structure to decision making and further development of the issue. Since the country coordinators are busy with their own busy schedule like lectures, students, etc. , it is important to make an appointment in advance to discuss the third year students curiosity about their host country and university. As Ryan indicated, each country coordinator can only spend 8 hours per year for responding to student questions, contacting partner universities and having meeting with Ryan Schepers. This is absolutely not enough time for the development and expanding the partner universities to be internationalized. This also causes inefficient communication internally. External communication The main external stakeholders that are paramount to the fulfillment of SICMs internationalization policy are the current partner universities. It is therefore important that SICM should provide each stakeholder group with specific information and build a strong reputation across exchanges with all of these stakeholders (Cornelissen, 2008). The current communication is not enough with partners; several partners are inactive in the SICM partner university network. It is known that communication is insufficient and ineffective with current partner universities. Next to that, the SICM currently has insufficient data to assess whether the linguistic and curricular criteria of the partner universities are compatible with the ones at SICM. Not having clear partner network and their respective curriculum selection criteria creates unclearness and hinders successful future partner network selection. Cornelissen (2008) defines stakeholders as any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organizations purpose and objectives. The key external players regarding the SICM internationalization policy are the current partner universities and the representatives of those universities (i.e. the ones who also deal with partnerships and exchange). A comprehensive stakeholder analysis can be seen in the Power-Interest matrix  [3]  . Situation analysis According to a Desk research, the academic curriculums and linguistic requirements at partner universities dont correlate with the ones at SICM; There are only 10 current partner networks which are university of applied sciences out of 83 partner networks; Currently 63 partner universities which teach in English; Not all partner universities have both BA and Master academic programs. As indicated, there has been an ongoing increase in the number of exchange students in the last five years (see appendix 9.4). The result of incoming exchange students last five years  [4]   In year 2007/2008, there were 46 incoming exchange students from 34 partner universities. In year 2008/2009, there were 44 incoming exchange students from 40 partner universities. In year 2009/2010, there were 56 incoming exchange students from 52 partner universities. In year 2010/2011, there were 67 incoming exchange students from 64 partner universities. In year 2011/2012, there were 82 incoming exchange students from 83 partner universities. The result of outgoing students last five years  [5]   In year 2007/2008, there were 63 outgoing exchange students to 34 partner universities. In year 2008/2009, there were 47 outgoing exchange students to 40 partner universities. In year 2009/2010, there were 59 outgoing exchange students to 52 partner universities. In year 2010/2011, there were 100 outgoing exchange students to 64 partner universities. In year 2011/2012, there were 63 outgoing exchange students to 83 partner universities. Discernibly there is a misbalance between incoming/outgoing exchange students and the number of partner universities. It is a result from a lack of communication within SICM and with current partner universities. SICM only provides 8 country coordinators to be responsible for 83 partner universities which cause ineffective communication with current partner universities. This result in a lack of information about the motivations behind the decisions that second year ICV students and SICM staff make about their study abroad. Hence, it affects the external communication with current partner universities. As the communication is ineffective in communicating with partners; SICM is not aware of the current relationship with partners since several current partners are inactive. Theoretical framework This section will explain the theoretical framework which will be used for this research. The research will be based on qualitative research and theoretical background with the definitions of some concepts. The primary research questions are formulated according to three main sub problems. The sub questions will help reveal the overall issues surrounding the main research area. Moreover, the relevant communication theories will support the research for a theoretical approach to the solution of the problem. In Order to limit the research, each primary research question has a subsection has been selected. (see table 1.) Based on this analysis, I will advise Mrs Scehepers to create a balanced university network enhancing ICM standards. This brings up the main question; How to create a balanced university network enhancing ICM standards through the analysis of SICM student and teacher interest, study programs features, current partner universities features? Sub- sections Main research question: How to create a balanced university network enhancing ICM standards through the analysis of SICM student and teacher interest, study programs features, current partner universities features? Motivations Sub problem for RQ 1 Unknown 2.nd year students and teachers motivations/reasons for choosing a particular partner university Primary RQ1 What are the current CO, CS, IC and IDM students and teachers profiles alike for the exchange period in year 3? Curriculum Sub problem for RQ 2 Large number of partner universities due to unclearness in past SICM selection Criteria Primary RQ 2 What are the correlative academic curriculums (and official study languages) of each partner university of SICM? Network Sub problem for RQ 3 Insufficient communication with current partner universities due to the high number of partner universities. Primary RQ 3 How can SICM restructure their partner network and create more effective communication approach? The following sections will describe the most essential theories and concepts based on the primary research questions/ sub sections for the actual outcome of this research. Motivations and Reasons This research dimension is the interest of student and teacher related to their motives and choices to create a balanced university network enhancing ICM standards through the analysis of SICM student and teacher interest? Student and teacher motivation is the primary focus in the first primary research area. The meaning of motivation is a complex amalgam of all factors at work at a given point in time that influence an organisms movement toward a goal. Like all animals, humans respond to drive states that are governed most basically by hormonal and neural processes (Leise, 2006). Hence, in order to understand student and staff motives, the motivation theory will be applied. The following theories related to this section will answer the primary research question 1(see table 1.) Moreover, the related theories helped to prepare the semi structured interview questions for both second and third year students. Cognitive Decision Making Theory and Pull-Push theory The purpose of the first sub problem is to analyze the factors which influence the motives of students and teacher in choosing a particular partner university. Since it involves qualitative research, there will be a combination of two theories: cognitive decision making theory and push-pull theory for the decision making process. Cognitive decision-making (CDM) is human-like decision-making, it is more like a mental process. This process can be a continues process while interacting with an environment. It can include the most important information about them and the possibility of their application. The theory approaches the understanding of students and teacher interest, their choices and analyzes how they make their decision. Gadomski, A. M. (2006). The pull-push theory has a big role on decision making process and selection of particular university. The research also identifies the pull strategy of partner universities that students and teachers make their choices according to the certain criteria which match ones at SICM. Apparently, both cognitive decision making and pull-push factors have a big role on the students choices. (Mazzarol Soutar,2001) 6.1.2 Sociology theory Moreover, this is also supported by sociology theory. As a theoretical point of view, Sociology is actually defined as a science that studies the behavior of large populations like any kind of groups and their own point of views. For many years, students are sent or received in every country for a higher education. The exchange student and staff of SICM are influenced by demographic, economic, geographic, political and social differentials between sending and receiving countries that push student to leave their home countries and that pull them to countries that students and staff perceive better opportunities. (Gitzer Ryan, 2011). I combined this theory with push and pull theory to give better understanding of students choices and factors that are influenced by. (see table 4) Dervin (sense making approach) The concept of sense-making approach has been used during the interviews with second year students of SICM. The theory was developed by Dervin(1989) and this helped answering the primary research question 1; What is the current CO, CS, IC and IDM students and teacher profiles alike for the exchange period in year 3? and finding an approach to solve the sub problem. Unknown 2.nd year student and teacher motivations/reasons for choosing a particular partner university. The sense making is a focus of the approach, how people make sense of their worlds. The sense making attempts to provide a systematic approach to listen to the audience as how they see their situations, past, present, future and how they move to construct sense and make meaning of these situations.(Dervin,1989,p.77) Person treat information as means to ends and not ends in themselves: Their seeking and use of information is best predicted based on how their situations, the constraints they face, the gaps they need to bridge and the kind of bridges they would like to build across their gaps. (Dervin,1989,p.77). Dervin(1989) points out that the essential part of the sense making approach is the gap and how people analyze and bridge the gap in their life. The gap means is the problem that students dont know to which university they want to go for an exchange semester. So applying this to the research area, students define their problems of the situation and constructing a bridge means that they solve this problem. At the stage of bridging the gap, students gather information and absorb it to understand. Then they create ideas which help them to bridge the gap in their life. Elaboration Likelihood Model(ELM) In 1993, Elaboration Likelihood Model was presented by Petty and Cacioppo. This theory is a model of persuasion, about the way attitudes are formed and changed and this theory also helped answering the primary research question 1; What is the current CO, CS, IC and IDM students and teacher profiles alike for the exchange period in year 3? and finding an approach to solve the sub problem. Unknown 2.nd year student and teacher motivations/reasons for choosing a particular partner university. The main point of this theory is the overall Elaboration from inactive thinking to active thinking which causes changes in attitudes. There are two different ways which students make their decisions and thus get persuaded by those decisions. According to the extent of the elaboration, Petty states that there are two ways; the central route and the peripheral route to make decision which facilitate persuasion (Petty and Cacioppo,1986,p.217) The central route involves message elaboration in which one thinks carefully about an issue contained persuasive communication. People using the central route are scrutinizing the ideas, and trying to figure out whether they have true merit, and mull over their implications. (Petty and Cacioppo,1986,p.217) Most of the students are changing their attitude according to the information they received from a speech or an advertisement which contains a message. Then students are become motivated to think actively and consciously to make decision. And hence they get persuaded which cause changes in their attitude permanently. The peripheral route do not involves any message elaboration. It only offers a shorthand way to accept or reject a message without any active thinking about the attributes of the issue or the object of the consideration. (Petty and Cacioppo,1986,p.217). Students think of a situation of where to go, what to study or whether should go for study abroad or not without paying attention to any arguments. This leads to make quick decision by relying on a variety of cues that allow them to make quick decision. These cues are; Social proof everybody thinks the same, Authority it is as he says, Scarcity get it before it is too late. Students who are motivated can take a further and right decision by thinking consciously and make their decision. This can happen with the way of Central route. However; students who stay away from an argument and think surface features of the message that they support the speech or not. It is also related to the emotions. If a student in a good mood and have the idea of where to go strongly, he will make a quick but temporary decision by taking the peripheral route. On the other hand, student will take the central route by doing cognitive work if he is not sure where to go or what to study and this lead permanent change in attitudes. In this case, student take the peripheral route for the decision making process. Curriculum This research is aiming at creating a balanced university network enhancing ICM standards through the analysis of study program features. Besides the motivation of students and teachers, Curriculum is one of the most important areas needs to be analyzed whether SICM should keep all the current partner universities or not according to their study programmes. This bring up the primary research question 2 What are the correlative academic curriculums (and official study languages) of each partner university of SICM?. The term Curriculum literal translation is a course in Greek. The meaning of curriculum was a racing chariot; currere means to run. A clear and concise definition of the concept of Curriculum is provided by Kerr All the learning which is planned and guided by the school, whether it is carried on in groups or individually, inside or outside the school.(quoted in Kelly1983: 10; see also, Kelly 1999). In regards, Philosophy is part of the curriculum decision as argued by Ornstein(1991); with a framework of organizing schools and classrooms. It provides answers to the questions: what are the schools purposes? How do students learn and what methods and materials to use for this purpose? Etc. Philosophy also enables the students to determine the goals of education, its organization, subject content, and learning and teaching process; generally Philosophy fosters and facilitates experiences and activities to uptake in schools and classrooms. (Ornstein, 1991,p.102) As Schepers stated that SICM is an international oriented applied sciences university; mix of international and national students in a class, teaching language is in English, teaching intercultural competencies, they have international dimensions in international education with their educational Philosophy. This links to the Intercultural dimension, stands for teaching, learning and research in the context of

Death Penalty in Canada Essay -- Death Penalty

Canada as a country is always in constant change. Whether it is in government, physicality, entertainment, or economy, Canada is a nation that prides on being unique and receptive to change. But when do these advancements, these abnormalities in comparison to neighboring countries, begin to diminish us as a native land? Or is there always an up side to the refinements and revisions Canada continues to make? Would this question be easier to answer if the consequences of our decisions on change were now life or death? To most, it just makes it that much more complicated. However, the topic of capital punishment is a problem that countries have continued to agonize over for decades, including Canada. So in what regards is capital punishment, and the sentencing of execution a good thing, and is there a line in which first has to be crossed in order to categorize the guilty? These questions have spun through the heads of the government and politicians before, and for now Canada s tands on the against-side of the incredibly blurred line, but as a country always in constant change, should and will Canada ever bring back the death penalty? The death penalty, also frequently referred to as capital punishment is the sentencing of execution for a crime. The most common crime referred to as a â€Å"capital crime† is murder and more specifically, murder in the first degree. In the United States, there have only been two cases in which the convicted was not responsible for a murder (Death Penalty Information Center, 2010). In one of these cases, Patrick Kennedy was found guilty in the aggravated sexual assault case of his step-daughter in 2003, and is now awaiting execution for his actions (Death Penalty Information Center, 2010). Howe... ...out.com/od/deathpenalty/i/DeathPenalty_2.htm Bhatti, S. (2010, October 18). Death penalty pros. Retrieved from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/death-penalty-pros.html Amnesty International USA, . (2010). The death penalty and deterrence. Retrieved from http://www.amnestyusa.org/death-penalty/death-penalty-facts/the-death-penalty-and-deterrence/page.do?id=1101085 Jami, . (2010, February 21). General deterrence and the death penalty. Retrieved from http://deathpen.wordpress.com/2010/02/21/chapter-5-general-deterrence-the-death-penalty/ Ontario Consultants on Religious Groups, . (2001, January 3). Policies of religious groups towards the death penalty. Retrieved from http://www.religioustolerance.org/execut7.htm St. Anthony Messenger Press, . (2010). The death penalty and the catholic church. Retrieved from http://www.americancatholic.org/news/deathpenalty/

Communication Barrier

Communication Barrier between Local and International Student in Malaysia. The increasing number of international student in Malaysia brings many benefits to the country as well to the local students. However, there are many problems that faced by these international students in this country. One of them is communication barrier between the local students. Communication barrier always bring difficulty to them when interacting with the local students in the campus. This includes both verbal and non-verbal communication. These are the barriers:- * Limited interactionThere are limited interactions between the local and international students. The international students or the local students only communicate with each other when there are group discussions in the class or a meeting on a group assignment. They like to be with their own group of friends that are similar nationality, race and culture with them. These bring them to have less communication with the other group of students. If this thing keeps continuing then the international students cannot learn the host country culture, tradition and beliefs. They also will have less knowledge about the host country.Later on, this will bring difficulty to the international students when they enter in the work field at the host country. * Poor language The local and the international students also have problems with the language. In Malaysia, there are only two languages that are used widely not only in the university but in the whole country, which is Bahasa Malaysia and English Language. The international students or the local students only use English Language when communicating with each other because the international students don’t know the local language which is Bahasa Malaysia.The international students that not from English spoken country like students from China, Turkey, Arab and Japan, always have problem to speak in English with the local students. Some of the local students or the Malaysian studen ts also have the same problems when speaking English with the international students. These problems occur due to poor language skills. This make them to communicate non-verbally more than verbal. * Few close friends The international students in Malaysia have few close friends. They like to be friend with people that make them comfortable.They also make less new friends. This make them always think in the box and not out of the box. Most of the international students don’t like to be friend with the local students. Same goes with the local students. These things occur due to some thought of similarity between them. They make these things more important than the other rest like to make friends to learn new thing and to gain knowledge. * Slang Slang is colloquial language, where words mean something other than their formal meanings, or where words are used that is not actual English words.Sometimes slang or vernacular words will become dictionary words through use and custom. Slang also one of the biggest communication barriers between the local and international students. The international student’s slang or accent also brings difficulty to the local students when talking with them. They hard to understand what the international students try to tell them and sometimes, these will also bring misunderstanding between them. Due to these problems, they communicate less with each other. Reference 1.Hasri Hassan, Zulaikha Nurain Mudzar, Lucien Low, (2013), Corporate Communication, Pearson, Kuala Lumpur. 2. http://blogs. nottingham. ac. uk/chinapolicyinstitute/2013/01/28/integration-of-chinese-internationals-students-with-the-local-community-issues-arising-from-the-sccs-community-building-forum/ 3. http://english. peopledaily. com. cn/90001/90782/90872/7233749. html 4. http://www. awej. org/? article=20 5. http://www. purdueexponent. org/campus/article_f0ea98bd-10f3-5507-b699-b85e32fb1955. html 6. http://www. ijbssnet. com/journals/Vol. _2_No. _7;_Speci al_Issue_April_2011/5. pdf

More Answers to Questions About Apostrophes

More Answers to Questions About Apostrophes More Answers to Questions About Apostrophes More Answers to Questions About Apostrophes By Mark Nichol 1. In a reference to the amount of medication provided to an outpatient, I read â€Å"three days’ supply for acute or chronic noncancer pain; seven days for cancer pain or palliative care.† Should days be singular in this expression, or plural? I can’t decide whether it applies to three individual days, one at a time, or a single amount dispensed for three days. And in the second phrase, supply is implied after â€Å"seven days.† Should days after seven also have an apostrophe? â€Å"Three days’ supply† is equivalent to â€Å"a supply for three days,† and the supply essentially â€Å"belongs† to the unit of time, not to the segments of time that constitute that unit, so the construction should be in plural-possessive form, as shown. Also, yes, â€Å"seven days† is an elided form of â€Å"seven days’ supply, with the repetition of supply implied, but the apostrophe should not also be omitted. However, the elided form â€Å"seven days’† is still awkward, and I recommend using the full phrase: â€Å"seven days’ supply.† I also advise replacing the semicolon with a comma and or. 2. Are the apostrophes in this sentence correct?: â€Å"The US Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics’s 2006 Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses revealed that nearly 15 percent of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses happened in the retail trade sector.† Yes, they’re correct, but the use of two consecutive apostrophized proper names followed by the title of a survey is cumbersome. I recommend relaxing the sentence somewhat to â€Å"The US Department of Labor’s 2006 Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, conducted by the department’s Bureau of Labor Statistics, revealed that nearly 15 percent of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses happened in the retail trade sector.† There are still two apostrophes, but at a distance from each other, and one of the proper names is also removed from the long train of capitalized words, and the awkward form Statistics’s is avoided. 3. Please settle a disagreement. A friend told me that adding an apostrophe and an s to Joe and Jane in the following sentence is wrong, but I think it’s correct: â€Å"Many celebrities, instead of marrying other famous people, choose to settle down with average Joe’s and Jane’s.† With rare exceptions (such as in the saying â€Å"Mind your p’s and q’s†), an apostrophe should not be employed when creating a plural form, and pluralizing a proper noun is not one of those cases. Simply add an s to each name: â€Å"Many celebrities, instead of marrying other famous people, choose to settle down with average Joes and Janes.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Farther vs. FurtherCapitalization Rules for Names of Historical Periods and MovementsApostrophe with Plural Possessive Nouns

Social Faciliation essays

Social Faciliation essays People seem to act differently when other people are around. Is there a reason for this? Psychologist, Robert Zajonc (1965,1980) thinks so. He discovered that "the presence of others increases arousal, which can affect performance in different ways, depending on the task at hand" (249). This is termed the Social facilitation theory, which relates with how the presence of other people affect our behavior. Zajonc believes there are three steps to the presence of performance. First, the company of other people causes a physical arousal, livens up the action. Secondly, the person will perform the "dominant response" (the most simple response to the situation). Lastly, Zajonc thinks the quality of the persons action depends on the kind of task theyre doing (249-250). Therefore, the complete definition of social facilitation is a "process whereby the presence of others enhances performance on easy tasks but impairs the performance on difficult tasks" (251). Two personal examples will demonstrate both areas of this concept. In high school I tried out for the volley ball team. I never played before besides in gym class, but to my surprise I made varsity. Practices were vigorous and stressful, yet after a few weeks I had the basics of the sport. More importantly, my coach thought my powerful serve was going to help the team a lot that season. The first home game the stands were packed. Most of my friends, my parents and my boyfriend all sat waiting anxiously to see me at my new game. Well, as we were huddling before the game I saw my name on the starting roster. I was like, "you have to be kidding me." Not to mention, I was the first player to serve. I get in the game and I hear people cheering for me in the bleachers. Smiling, I turn to them and I begin to sweat feeling a wave of intense energy come over me (physiological arousal). Now, I grab the ball throw it in the a ...

Globalization and development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Globalization and development - Essay Example For example, the government liberalized agriculture at the margin, such that farmers were only allowed to sell their surplus freely at prices determined by the forces of demand and supply if they met their state obligation. Guthrie attributes the increase in economic growth in China to the process of market reformation in the country. The transition from planned to market economy, lies in the political reforms that have been taking place in the country, from communism to capitalism. However, according to Rodrik, the Republic of China is still mostly communist since the government controls most of the people’s resources. This is however advantageous, as according to both authors, privatization is not necessary in market reformation, though it is advised. Control by the government has ensured a form of direction and regulation in the economy, making it steady. However, the development of China is somewhat of a paradox since economists predict that there will be future consequences to the entire international market. For instance, since it is the most populous country in the world, the fact that its food reserves are inadequate to cope with the rising population will lead to crippling of the grain market by the year 2030. Also, China is the second largest consumer of oil in the world, due to its high demand; the prices of oil have been constantly on the increase creating artificial shortage in the international market (Guthrie, 2006). Developing countries can learn a lot from China, which took 25 years to do what others would have taken 30 years or more. The source of its success according to the two authors is the fact that there has to be government involvement in the process of growth. Countries should not adopt reforms from the Washington Consensus without taking to regard the uniqueness of their own economies (Rodrik, 2007). Those having planned economies should also consider the adaptation of

What Intergenerational Communicationand Aging means for my own life, Essay

What Intergenerational Communicationand Aging means for my own life, now, and in the future - Essay Example h this course and analyzing related materials, I learned the importance of changing mindsets and communication and relationship goals, so that I can treat and interact with the elderly with respect and recognize and respond to their needs for autonomy and social support, and so that I can pursue a model for successful aging that balances physical and psychological needs and aspirations. Through Comm 119 lectures and various other reading materials, as well as my analysis of my own interactions with the elderly, I realized that social stereotypes about aging and the elderly contribute to the self-fulfilling prophesy of these ageist stereotypes. Cuddy and Fiske (2002) described the various stereotypes of older people that I also practiced in the past, including the grandmotherly and severely impaired stereotypes. I am quite ashamed that I thought that older adults are like babies by focusing on their childish behavior, such as being hard-headed when instructing them to follow proper nutrition practices. I realize now that they are childish (if they are) because of how society treats them. In one of our lectures, the Dallas Morning News (2002) reported that people’s attitudes, and not aging per se, present obstacles to feeling fulfilled during old age (as cited in Giles, 2014a). I agree because I also had the mindset that the elderly, though not all, are the on es making health and social problems by being aggressive in opposing lifestyle or emotional and attitudinal changes that can improve health and social conditions. I would say: â€Å"They can be so hard-headed because they are already old.† By saying this, I frame aging in terms of blaming older people of their health and social issues and aging as the worst phase of mental and psychological development. This kind of framing under-analyzes the needs and goals of the elderly and perpetuates ageism. Besides personal ageist stereotypes, I learned about social institutions that promote ageism and that I must